Worm Farm DIY Plan

How to manage Catfish

Catfish include the body of Siluridae, which is actually off springs of the Catfish. The European catfish, including the naked skinned fish is kin to the Asiatic group. The translucent layers of skin makes the Siluridae group one of the less desired aquarium fish. Next to the Siluridae is the group of Glass Catfish, which are listed under the Kryptopterus Bicirrhis group. The fish derived from the Greater Sunda Islands, as well as from the lands of India. This group of catfish grow 3 Ò½ inches in size, and appear as powerfully pressed translucent fish with glass-like bodies. The anal fins have an extended baseline. The upper jaw line has a pair of whiskers, otherwise known as barbel.

The Glass Catfish are best suited with its own kin. The fish tends to stand off into the background, lurking the tank. Catfish will eat from top layers of the water, and will feast on living foods. This particular fish has not been bred while in captivity, and its breed does not have a particular or preferred water condition. Kin to the Glass Catfish is the Mockokidae. Mockokidae derive from African waters. The naked Mockokidae, as well as many other catfish are helpful fish, since these fish feed off biochemicals, which makes these fish scavengers.

The fish will eat other dead fish, as well as decomposed macrobiotic bodies. In addition, catfish are responsible for maintaining tank photosynthetic organisms, known as algae.

Catfish are composed of bones, rather than cartilages. As well, catfish have distinctive fins, which differ from that of the flesh-like fins that include bones. Catfish in summary are catfish do not have scales, yet the fish have whiskers. Catfish whiskers are sensitive to the touch, which includes smell and taste. Catfish is listed in the Siluriformes, Osteichthyidae, and the Acetinopterygii categories.

The upside down Catfish listed in the Synodontis Nigriventris category comes from the lands of Belgian Congo. This particular species grows to 2 inches in size. The body of this fish is shaped like that of the Corydoras group. The lower section of the body located at the front has a dark shade, which is offset or reversed by lighter colors. This fish is a great choice of communal tank habitats. The catfish will help keep your tank clean as well, since he feeds off photosynthetic organisms, as well as live bait. The food is often extracted from leaves beneath the surface. Synodontis Nigriventris species did not have preferences in water condition. Malapteruridae is the kin to the Synodontis Nigriventris.

Electric Catfish come from the group of Malapterurus Electricus. The catfish grows 10 feet in natural waters, yet is only two feet in aquarium water. This catfish is found in various rivers and lakes around the Western and central areas of Africa. Electric Catfish has a body type shaped like a cylinder. The fish does not have dorsal fin, yet it makes up for the loss with hefty fatty adipose fin. Electric Catfish has electrical organs, which demands that this fish is placed in isolated interment. Like the electric eel, this catfish will produce a disturbing shock to those coming close. The shock however is less severe than that of the electric eel, yet more powerful than the Mormyridae shock.

How does this fish feed?

The electric catfish will eat meats, worms, and other fish smaller than his size, since he is an insatiable nighttime diner.

What is the Electric Catfishes’ preferred water condition?

The catfish could care less about water conditions, as long as he has water and plenty of food.

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DHA essential fatty acids play a vital role in brain and overall health. High-quality omega 3 fish oil pills are an amazing means to reap their benefits. Find out the expert facts and precautions that you need to take to safeguard your health from harmful toxins and contaminants in fish oil, while enjoying the health benefits of Omega 3s.

DHA essential fatty acids

The human brain by weight is made up of about 60% fats. And approximately half of that is DHA! This shows the importance of DHA essential fatty acids in our health and the functioning and development of our brain.

Omega 3 fatty acids also offer amazing benefits on cardiovascular health, digestive system, joints and skin health. The American heart Association stresses the importance of Omega 3 fatty acids for relief in heart and cardiovascular diseases.

Omega 3 fish oil pill

Heart disease is among the major causes of human deaths in the United States. One of the major causes for this is the huge deficiency of Omega 3 DHA essential fatty acids in the Western diet.

We are not consuming the same levels of Omega 3s that our ancestors used to do. The prime reason for this is that the meat produced these days is grain fed. Cattle livestock are fed on grain and corn to fatten them up quickly and to make higher profits. But this is not their natural diet and makes their meat very low in Omega 3s, EPA and DHA essential fatty acids.

Taking high quality Omega 3 fish oil pills as a part of our daily health regimen, is one of the best ways to get the EPA and DHA essential fatty acids.

A higher consumption of fatty fish that is rich in Omega 3s is not the best option for your health. There are 2 reasons for this –

1) Fish that are raised as livestock in farms are not an ideal source of Omega 3s. They are fed on food pellets and not on their natural diet which consists of omega 3 rich sources such as algae, worms, etc.

You can often find in farm raised salmon that are sold in local grocery stores – a pink colour of meat. Actually, it is a pale colour and they are injected with a dye stain to achieve the pinkish/reddish colour of salmon that is found only in naturally caught wild salmon!

2) Fish that are caught in the wild are rich in DHA essential fatty acids. But they suffer from another drawback. Because almost all of the sea waters are polluted by industrial toxins, the fish that we consume also contains hazardous toxins such as mercury, lead, PCBs, etc. These are known to cause various health problems in our body.

This is the reason why pregnant and nursing women are advised to limit their consumption of fish for their requirement of DHA essential fatty acids. This is to avoid the risk of mercury poisoning which might cause disruptions in the neurological development and growth of the foetus.

Omega 3 fish oil pills and molecularly distilled pharmaceutical grade fish oil offer the best solution to these problems. Molecular distillation is the process that is used to remove harmful toxins and contaminants from the fish oil. What remains is only pure oil that contains the beneficial Omega 3s in the form of EPA and DHA essential fatty acids.

Omega 3 fish oil pills are the best means of reaping the benefits of omega 3 fatty acids without the risk of health hazards due to exposure of toxins and contaminants. They offer the best of both worlds — nature and science.

Did you know you can tickle carp and make them go into a trance?! Why is this and how can such things help you catch carp? Carp can see in the near infrared and near ultraviolet ranges and are far more sensitive than the average human! Also carp hear extremely well too and they can hear sounds in overlapping frequency range to humans (which means what you hear they hear including 10 decibel bite alarms contacting your line!) Carp learn to fear due to instinctively programmed negative associations so anglers must beware of all they are doing! Now read on to discover more about fish senses and how to use them to your advantage to catch more fish!

Did you know certain carp retinal (eye) cells are sensitive to things like caffeine and other substances? I knew a young kid once who drive me nuts because all he kept saying all the time was did you know. I asked myself what he was trying to prove by doing this – he was only learning on the fast-track! Then it struck me that the biggest lesson for me here (that I had long over-looked,) was the fact that so many of us adults pretty much stop asking questions all the time – and that means we are missing out on loads of good stuff to help us catch many more fish!

For instance, why does a carp mind if you throw lots of free baits out to him but then object to you plonking a 5 ounce lead on his head – I don’t know! It seems to me he would appreciate all that free food and in response kindly jump on your hook by way of thanks. But then maybe he also does not particularly like hearing the vibration of your tight lines in the water sending out vibrations like so many wind turbines on your doorstep. Or maybe he would prefer a more musical melody coming down your fishing lines from your bite alarms set at full volume!

Maybe a Mozart or Beethoven symphony instead of a boring single note alarm sound would produce more fish bites by stimulating their mood better – who knows! This might sound too far-fetched to be true but carp can hear the vibrations of plankton and chose between areas of different concentrations of them in order to feed on them with much more energy-efficiency; carp are really sensitive creatures.

In fact if you think carp are simple rough types that like their alcohol and rough mating (a bit like many more hirsute macho-appearing beer-swilling rugby fanatics,) just remember appearances can be deceptive. Carp are renowned for biting your balls off and sucking your maggots dry without even getting hooked – they are that sensitive when playing with your baits that is!

The truth is that carp sensitivity makes certain they keep on adapting (and surviving,) and in fishing their sensitivity is their greatest strength against us (if we do not keep adapting and exploiting their sensitivity back against them!) Remember that we sensitise them when we condition them in every way by actually being there on the bank and fishing for them!

We humans as long-lost descendants of ancient teleost fish such as carp still have strange habits and behaviours from the past that help us adapt or fit in faster; so giving us better chances of survival. Here is a strange thing; how is it this possible: The very first utterances that a deaf human baby ever speaks can have the local accent of its mother. Is the liquid environment of the womb significant here in pre-learning before birth?! Of course larval stages of all kinds of creatures do things that only instincts and genetics appear to explain! What do crustacean larvae do in respect of tides, what do baby fish immediately do when hatching out of spawn and what stimulates such behaviours anyway?

Now just because you can see a fish and he seems quite happy and contented it does not mean he had not noticed you creeping along the bank in your Realtree one piece sniper outfit. A carp can see into near infrared so when at the surface or slightly out of the water do you think there is half a chance your own body heat will give you away like you were dressed like a luminescent Ronald MacDonald?! Mr Carp in all likelihood would know all about you in ways you have no conception of and that science has yet to discover.

We like carp are over 95 percent water. Good clean water is getting more difficult to find and even water from reservoirs still needs reverse osmosis treatment and subtle energy treatment to make it far less tainted; the average home water filter is just an inadequate joke. Adult carp take a lot of punishment and can even survive in quite low oxygen conditions and can thrive despite certain pH and salinity conditions, but even they have their limits! We humans are creating carp fisheries but our consumption is gradually poisoning waterways one way or another.

Remember we are what we eat and drink as are carp. The water quality of so many carp fisheries is a very big problem when hot conditions occur and this is something every carp angler needs to investigate to reveal to themselves the reasons why this is. All this can help you make better catches, make better baits and improve conditions for carp and improve our own personal health; carp nutrition is a great teacher of what is great for humans to consume also – so take note!

Now science is arrogant enough to think it knows so much for certain, and yet it does not know what came first – the chicken or the egg. Did a bigger human brain and the ability to walk and talk or make tools come first? Does our ancient reptilian brain used in fight or flight mean we were originally like reptiles, mammal or chickens anyway mammals were present on the scene before dinosaurs appeared and crocodiles were there before dinosaurs too!

There is evidence that some dinosaurs had feathers because that helped energy efficiency, but of course there is no point carp having feathers because they are cold-blooded and are the same as the temperature of the water they live in but a winged and feathered big carp would probably give a really good fight in the water (and in the air too!) See more on chicken in carp baits and their digestible protein later.

In regards to carp, chickens, humans and dinosaurs, maybe things evolved this way: The carp originally hatched amphibious mutant humans and chickens simultaneously (which kind of solves the chicken and the egg conundrum and probably explains why some dinosaurs and mammals went back into the water!) Then the chickens and humans discovered chocolate, coffee, vanilla, coke and chilli, and this mixture dwarfed the chickens and made them flightless, and made the humans high so they grew upright and tall and let us see the lions coming (and thus we became the king of the jungle.)

Then during a freak forest fire in the first rudimentary herb and spice garden (near a salt mine,) the humans discovered the recipe for Kentucky Fried Chicken which they were addicted to and so began to farm chickens (organically of course.) Then one day while the chickens were playing their favourite game of (you guessed it – chicken,) they hooked up a worm on a stick and a human found the stick, tripped up in a pond and hooked a carp that went for the worm – easy! Thus began traditional carp fishing without bows, arrows (or dynamite) approximately 450 million years ago give or take a week or two and thus the concept of fast food (though limited) it being fried, rare or live on a stick.

But now back to chickens; as you will see there is more to them in regards to carp and us that meets the eye! Science reckons (using the currently known genome,) that chicken DNA represents the closest match to the dinosaur Tyrannosaurus Rex. (Saying that T. Rex is the king dinosaur was a bit premature as in fact, he had bigger competition that looked very similar to him at different stages during dinosaur times so he was not the king at all. But science is not that exact really knowing only what it knows at any moment in time! Note; this applies to future carp bait developments too and the application of new technology and the potential to find new substances – maybe in the jungles of South America before they all get cleared to grow trendy soya beans, biofuels and coke!

Maybe chickens really are T.Rex in disguise and they are all just playing dumb to lull us humans into a false sense of security while we all laugh at all those why did the chicken cross the road jokes!

How about this; the majority of boilies and paste baits in carp fishing world-wide are based on the proteinous benefits and characteristics of common but humble chicken eggs! What does this tell you about the real power of chicken – because he gets everywhere! (Egg-bound boilies are the number one carp fishing bait right around the world!) Now chickens are produced to a great degree from special mutant stocks that make them lean mean thick legged big breasted roasting machines. Purely judging by the billions of chickens produced around the world every year, maybe T.Rex is on his way back and is intent on world domination again!

No kidding; did you know that probably the most viable successful sustainable (for now) protein products used in fish farming (instead of or to supplement fish meals, soya and maize protein,) is poultry protein meal. Chickens get everywhere; from China to South America in markets and fast food joints and get this; you are what you eat! (How things go full circle!) Added to this, chickens have indirectly created unrest, anarchy, mayhem, civil and world wars using their infamous battle cry of who are you calling chicken (humans love to mimic animals right!)

But seriously, you would think by now that the average intelligence male human being would have figured out that actually a chicken is not a chicken at all thus negating any suggestion of a man lacking testosterone fuelled abilities being a chicken. After all, chicken fights (or cock fights if you prefer,) have not been banned in so many countries just because chickens fight each other by tapping each other over the head with feather dusters (they are T. Rex dinosaurs in disguise right!)

Nutritionally-speaking it is reckoned that for all the effort you put into buying and drinking expensive high protein body-building powders based on whey protein concentrates (for all those lactose intolerant, fart-thumping, boob-blooming body-builders out there,) you might as well snack on chickens to get those big muscles you always dreamt of. (To get muscles like Arnold you will be needing steroids but maybe Paxo Super Booster (chicken gravy) will do instead!)

And what about the birds and the bees – what about those attractive birds guys are always calling babes and chicks?! Have you ever noticed the body language similarities between a guy on the pull in a club or at a bar, and a cockerel strutting his stuff with the hens (hilarious stuff or what?!)

Anyway, did you know that dead (chicken) chicks are proven catfish baits for leviathans? Those dead days-old chicks hook the monsters like a jumbo sized pellet never has; like I say, chicken is supreme! I promised you recipes so alongside your liver or fish meal or yeast or braised monkey nut ingredients, try adding keratin and poultry protein meal. Anyway, take your average white or brown fish meals; in a fight with Mr Chicken only the fighting fish tag team partnered with flying fish would stand half a chance! OK so it sounds like I am over-selling this chicken stuff but as fish stocks are terminally declining and English is not a chickens first language (or second language) they deserve a spokesperson!

In the UK chicken boilies etc have been plugged in the media so much by now. Maybe now carp anglers should all jump onto the Dynamite Bait bandwagon and just accept that chicken boilies have had their day, been fashionable and currently tuna is the new boy on the block?! (Note all those poor old halibut pellets that are floundering on the sidelines at the backs of fishing bait shelves now -ah how fickle fishing fashion is!) Do you see how much your perceptions of what is a successful carp bait are really in your own mind and not all based in objective reality?! And does this mean that carp sensitivities to your bait substances have anything whatever to do with your bait-choosing decision-making because I hope for your sake it is because a Tutti Fruitti or spicy tuna readymade bait will not always save you from a blank; it takes the power of thought too!

And if you are an readymade bait kind of guy, and you happen to have at least half a brain cell partly active after all the brand-conditioning adverts and advertorials you probably are not even aware of,) it is obvious that the best time to get on the chicken baits is when everyone else has jumped onto the tuna or other currently fashionable baits! (Have you noticed that wary big fish tend to like baits they have not been hooked on too much recently?!) I think I will bring out my own special unique cunningly-crafted scientifically proven in real-time (from the future) range of post space-age baits based on mutton (young sheep,) just to be different but the same just to please everyone!)

If you happen to have the urge to catch more fish than your average brainwashed fashion-copying modern carp angler, maybe you have realised that making your own homemade baits (made specifically to top all those standard format readymade baits) is a great way to save yourself a fortune. Super-boosted chicken baits are an ideal example to get you those freakishly good fish captures your mates will love to hate you for! But fashion-following brainwashed carp anglers are easy to beat anyway. They are far too fixated on the flashy magazine adverts searching for exciting new stuff to think of  asking how on earth their chosen new baits might actually work (or fail) when used by the less than average angler against talented anglers.

Anyway, when you consider all the carp out there with a developed palette from chomping on chocolate, strawberry, Scopex, cranberry, crab, pineapple and chilli bait flavours etc, why would carp not accept roast chicken juices as their brand new favourite boilie flavour?! You really can obtain this genuinely great flavour from my good friend Phil at CW Baits (online.)

Finally why not tip your weighing scale balance in your favour and make your boilies and ground baits different with white meat! Why not add more sustainable and economical poultry protein type ingredients to them? Plus everyone knows cats love eating birds – and if you want a Jurassic sized carp there is no better nor obvious choice than to exploit the power of a chicken (that old dinosaur in disguise!)

In that Hitchcock horror film called The Birds, all the real stars in it were chickens painted black and made to adhere to a strict diet and exercise programme to build them up and slim them down of course! Special effects helped make their beaks and faces look more symmetrical (and the odd feathers were air-brushed out according to Hollywood standards!) But even if you choose not to believe this, just consider that your local ostrich can out-run and out-kick you and makes a meaner bigger omelette than you too; so remember whatever you do – never call him chicken!

As you can tell by now this article was produced purely for entertainment and was written from the place where the chickens end up (after crossing the road,) but for a more practical gathering of truly valuable fishing bait information you need to read on a bit for my bait secrets! (For more seriously essential information see my website and biography right now!)

By Tim Richardson.

Integrated Fish Farming

Indian agriculture is known for its multifunctionalities of providing employment, livelihood, food, nutritional and ecological securities .Today the Indian economy is based on mainly in the field of agriculture and software development in the area of Information Technology. For achieving rapid progress in rural area, our strategy must focus on; conserving natural resources, enhancing efficient of resource use, increasing productivity and profitability and improving quality and competitiveness through reduced unit cost of production.

                                                                                        Integrated plant nutrients and protection systems of crop, livestock and aquaculture production are being updated for various agro-ecologies. Water is emerging as national challenge and its most efficient management as well as recycling has been given high priority in the plan of formulation. Recycling of crop residue as well as agricultural by products inclusion of nitrogen fixing legumes in rotation, bio fertilizers, vermicultres,Agro forestry, nutrient solubbizing micro-organisms, efficient nutrient up taking plant varieties etc. are being strategies in the research mandate. Improved efficiency farm machinery energy, agro- input and resource conservation technologies of minimum tillage are being researched to minimize the cost of production.

                                                                  In certain areas, paddy fields remain flooded with water for a period of 3-8 months in a year, during which some growth of fish is easily possible. Hence, fish is cultivated in paddy field to give sustainable additional supply to the farmer. This practice is common in Italy, Japan, Malaysia, several African countries and to some extent in India various techniques are employed for fish culture in paddy fields depending upon the climate local conditions, species of fish available and the variety of paddy cultivated. The cultivation of paddy is the primary purpose of farmer; hence fish culture is to be adapted to the schedule of paddy cultivation. Species that are suitable for culture in paddy fields must be able to thrive in shallow water. They should be able to tolerate relatively higher temperature and turbidity. Certain carps, murrels and tilapia are suitable for culture in paddy fields. Fish culture is beneficial to the paddy also to some extent. Fish perform tillage; destroy weed and insect that cause damage to the paddy plants, thus increasing paddy production. 

                                                             In India, experiments conducted on fish culture in paddy fields in W.Bengal have shown that the survival rate of Labeo, Catla and Mrigal ranges from 34-40%, and the species show more rapid growth in paddy fields than in ponds. Fields that are left flooded for a long or short period after harvesting can be easily utilize for fish culture.

.                        The wetland area which is generally waste land can be used as integrated fish farming with Makhana culture .This type of mixed culture will offer greater efficiency in resource utilization, will reduce risk by diversifying crop and will provide additional food and income. This system will be of special significance as it will improve the socio-economic status of weaker rural fisher community.                                                                  

     Fish culture in  Makhana  ponds can  be  grouped as:-

   a) secondary crop of  fish  after  a  Makhana  corp.                                   

   b) along  with  the  Makhana during  the  period  of  cultivation; and      

   c) continuous  fish  culture, transferring  the fish  to  specially  prepared  ponds  or  channels  during  the  harvesting  period  of Makhana.`

                                   The various stages of Makhana cultivation in ponds and tanks considerably alter as well as disrupt the ecological conditions of the water body. The planktonic productivity of such ponds remains very meager due to shaded surface imparted by Makhana leaves which mostly cover the entire surface of the pond. So that the air-breathing fishes, by virtue of the presence of accessory respiratory organs can thrive well in such adverse, low- oxygen environmental conditions. It is a common view that the air- breathing fishes in such ecologically disrupted ecosystem are probably made for each other by nature itself. These fishes are well known for their high protein, high iron, high calcium and low fat content and easy digestibility and such, suitable for all people.

                  There are various species of air- breathing fishes most ideally suited for stocking in Makhana ponds. These are generally carnivorous in nature and in culture operation they adopt themselves excellently to supplementary feeding with dried trash fish, oil cake and rice bran. Among these fishes Magur (Clarias batrachus) and Singhi  (Heteropneustes  fossilis) are known to be feeding gastropods, insects, micro crustaceans, and other larvae. Koi (Anabas testudineus) is generally a micro plankton feeder in younger stages and takes to insectivorous habit in later stages.

                   Makhana cum fish culture has certain advantage and disadvantage. The main advantages are :-                           

 1) the most economical utilization of pond or wetland area, since the same pond would be

   used for the production of both Makhana and fish.        

 2) Utilization of limited extra labour to take care of fish, since both Makhana and fish may be taken care at the same time.                     

 3) The quantity of supplemental of fish feeds, if it all given, will be comparatively less   

  compared to feed  given to the fish in general  pond culture and the unused feed in Makhana   pond increases the  fertility  of  the  pond  by  acting  as  organic manure.

  4) Fish eat harmful organisms, such as insect larvae and some other water insects, fresh water   mollusks. The Makhana yield would increase due to reduced insect pest pressure and  increased organic fertilization.  

5)  The movement of fish would result in better aeration of the water and greater tillering of

    the Makhana crop.

            The disadvantages of the Makhana cum fish culture are: -    

 1) If the fish are introduced to early, they may damage the young Makhana plants.

2) The huge sprawling leaves of Makhana plant keep the water surface shaded from May to August. During this period sun-light will not penetrate inside the water surface due to

      which the grazing chain gets disrupted. As a result of this the dissolved oxygen content of

       water gets depleted which makes the environment unfavorable. 

                                    Another example of mixed farming is prawn culture in combination with fish, like major carps. There is no competition for food or space, as carps are non predatory. The faecal matter of fish might serve as an additional source of food for prawns, which are detritus feeder or scavengers. For extensive pond culture, fertilization of the pond and artificial feeding play a significant role. Rice bran, broken rice, ground nut oil cake, fish meal, worms and meat are used as artificial food.                                                                                                                                                                 

                Thus by applying modern method for integrated fish farming on large scale by the people living in the wetland region will definitely play an important role in the rural economy.